CD73: A Protein Implicated in The Immune Response (G28692)

Target Name: TRAV1-2

NCBI ID: G28692

TRAV1-2

Other Name(s): T cell receptor alpha variable 1-2 | TRAV12 | TCRAV1S2 | TCRAV7S2

CD73: A Protein Implicated in The Immune Response

Trav1-2, also known as T cell receptor alpha variable 1-2, is a protein that is expressed in T cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. T cells are responsible for detecting and responding to foreign substances in the body, and their activity is critical for maintaining the body's immune defense against infections and diseases.

The T cell receptor alpha variable 1-2 is a type of protein that is found on the surface of T cells. It is made up of several different subunits, each of which has a different function. The subunit that is most well-studied is called CD73, which is a protein that is involved in the production of adenosine, a molecule that has important effects on immune cells.

CD73 is a transmembrane protein that is located on the surface of T cells. It is composed of a single constant region and several variable regions. The variable regions of CD73 contain the majority of the protein's functional interactions, and several different subunits have been identified.

One of the subunits of CD73 is called CD73-TN. This subunit is involved in the production of adenosine by CD73 through a process called phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is a process in which a chemical group called a phosphate is added to a protein, and this can modulate the protein's function. In the case of CD73-TN, the addition of a phosphate group to its catalytic active site has been shown to enhance the production of adenosine.

Another subunit of CD73 is called CD73-TR. This subunit is involved in the production of adenosine by CD73 through a different mechanism than CD73-TN. Specifically, CD73-TR is involved in the production of adenosine by CD73 through a process called reverse polarization of the membrane. Reverse polarization of the membrane is a process that involves the movement of positively charged proteins from the inside of the membrane to the outside, and this can occur in response to the presence of a phosphate group. In the case of CD73-TR, the addition of a phosphate group to its catalytic active site has been shown to enhance the production of adenosine.

CD73 is a protein that is expressed in many different cell types, including T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It is also a protein that has been implicated in a number of different biological processes, including immune surveillance, inflammation, and stress resistance.

One of the potential applications of CD73 as a drug target is its ability to modulate the production of adenosine, which has been shown to have a number of different effects on immune cells. Adenosine has been shown to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and it is involved in a number of different signaling pathways that are involved in the immune response.

CD73 has also been shown to be involved in the production of other molecules that are important in the immune response. For example, it has been shown to be involved in the production of IL-12, a cytokine that is involved in the development and activation of T cells. It has also been shown to be involved in the production of IFN-gamma, another cytokine that is involved in the regulation of inflammation.

In addition to its role in the immune response, CD73 has also been shown to have other biological functions. For example, it has been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell signaling pathways, and it has been shown to be involved in the production of a number of different signaling molecules.

Overall, CD73 is a protein that has important roles in the immune system, and it is a potential drug target for the development of new therapies. Further research is needed to fully understand the functions of CD73, and to determine the most effective way to use it as a therapeutic agent.

Protein Name: T Cell Receptor Alpha Variable 1-2

Functions: V region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) alpha chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Alpha-beta T cell receptors are antigen specific receptors which are essential to the immune response and are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes. Recognize peptide-major histocompatibility (MH) (pMH) complexes that are displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC), a prerequisite for efficient T cell adaptive immunity against pathogens (PubMed:25493333). Binding of alpha-beta TR to pMH complex initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell growth and differentiation (PubMed:23524462). The T cell repertoire is generated in the thymus, by V-(D)-J rearrangement. This repertoire is then shaped by intrathymic selection events to generate a peripheral T cell pool of self-MH restricted, non-autoaggressive T cells. Post-thymic interaction of alpha-beta TR with the pMH complexes shapes TR structural and functional avidity (PubMed:15040585)

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