Unlocking the Potential of ATP2A1 as a Drug Target and Biomarker

Target Name: ATP2A1

NCBI ID: G487

ATP2A1

Other Name(s): endoplasmic reticulum class 1/2 Ca(2+) ATPase | Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 | Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 (isoform b) | Endoplasmic reticulum class 1/2 Ca(2+) ATPase | Calcium-transporting ATPase sarcoplasmic reticulum type, fast twitch skeletal muscle isoform | ATP2A1 variant a | AT2A1_HUMAN | ATP2A | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, fast twitch 1 | ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1 | calcium pump 1 | Calcium pump 1 | ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1, transcript variant a | ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1, transcript variant b | Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 (isoform a) | SERCA1 | ATP2A1 variant b | SR Ca(2+)-ATPase 1

Unlocking the Potential of ATP2A1 as a Drug Target and Biomarker

Introduction

ATP (adenylyl cyclic phosphate) is the primary energy source for all cellular processes, and its levels are closely regulated to maintain cellular homeostasis. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialized organ responsible for regulating the transport of macromolecules into the cell, and its functions are tightly controlled by various proteins. One of these proteins is the endoplasmic reticulum class 1/2 Ca(2+) ATPase (ATP2A1), which plays a crucial role in regulating the ER's calcium homeostasis. In this article, we will explore the potential of ATP2A1 as a drug target and biomarker.

The Importance of ER Ca(2+) ATPase (ATP2A1)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialized organ responsible for regulating the transport of macromolecules into the cell. It is composed of a series of interconnected vesicles, each of which is connected to the ER membrane via raffinosis (folding) of the transmembrane protein transport receptor (TPR) into the ER. The ER has a strict secretory mechanism that ensures the tight regulation of the cell's macromolecules, including proteins, ions, and solutes. One of the critical proteins involved in this mechanism is the endoplasmic reticulum class 1/ 2 Ca(2+) ATPase (ATP2A1).

ATP2A1 is a transmembrane protein that is expressed in the ER and is responsible for regulating the ER's calcium homeostasis. It is a member of the Ca(2+) ATPase family, which includes other well-known proteins such as the familiar troponin C (CaM) and the emergency necrotizing myopathy-associated protein (p120GAP). These proteins are characterized by their ability to regulate the cytoskeleton, to maintain the ER calcium homeostasis, and to play a role in various cellular processes, including cell signaling, cytoskeleton organization, and protein synthesis.

ATP2A1's Role in ER Ca(2+) Homeostasis

ATP2A1 is the key protein responsible for maintaining the ER's cytoskeleton and for regulating the ER's calcium homeostasis. The ER's cytoskeleton is composed of a series of specialized protein filaments, known as microtubules, that are responsible for the ER's structural integrity and for regulating the transport of macromolecules into the cell. The cytoskeleton is also involved in the regulation of the ER's calcium homeostasis, as it plays a critical role in the regulation of the intracellular calcium concentration.

ATP2A1 is involved in the regulation of the ER's calcium homeostasis by several mechanisms. Firstly, it is involved in the regulation of the activity of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), which is responsible for regulating the ER's calcium homeostasis. SERCA is a type of ATPase that is characterized by its ability to regulate the intracellular calcium concentration through the regulation of the cytoskeleton. The activity of SERCA is regulated by several factors, including the levels of ATP and the cytoskeleton's mechanical forces.

Secondly, ATP2A1 is involved in the regulation of the expression of genes involved in the ER's calcium homeostasis. The ER is known to play a

Protein Name: ATPase Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Transporting 1

Functions: Key regulator of striated muscle performance by acting as the major Ca(2+) ATPase responsible for the reuptake of cytosolic Ca(2+) into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen (By similarity). Contributes to calcium sequestration involved in muscular excitation/contraction (PubMed:10914677)

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