Target Name: GP2
NCBI ID: G2813
Review Report on GP2 Target / Biomarker Content of Review Report on GP2 Target / Biomarker
GP2
Other Name(s): pancreatic zymogen granule membrane associated protein GP2 | GP2 variant 1 | Glycoprotein 2, transcript variant 1 | GP2_HUMAN | Pancreatic zymogen granule membrane associated protein GP2 | ZAP75 | Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 (isoform 1) | glycoprotein 2 (zymogen granule membrane) | Pancreatic zymogen granule membrane protein GP-2 | glycoprotein 2 | Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2

GP2: A Promising Biomarker and Drug Target for Pancreatic Diseases

Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the most common diseases affecting the PIW (pancreatic-intestinal wall) is pancreatitis, which is a severe inflammation of the pancreas that can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and in some cases, death. Pancreatitis can be caused by various factors, including alcohol consumption, infections, or certain medications.

Gastrointestinal diseases have a high economic burden due to the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with these conditions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that there are 2.6 million deaths from malnutrition in 2019, which represents about 50% of all deaths from diabetes. In addition, pancreatitis is a leading cause of abdominal pain in the United States, with an estimated annual incidence of 3.2 million cases and a cost of approximately $3.2 billion in healthcare costs.

The development of new treatments and biomarkers for pancreatic diseases has the potential to improve outcomes for patients. One of the promising biomarkers for pancreatic diseases is GP2 (pancreatic zymogen granule membrane associated protein GP2), a protein that is expressed in the zymogen granule membrane of pancreatic zymocytes (pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin).

GP2 is a 16-kDa protein that is composed of two major subunits, alpha-beta and gamma-beta. The alpha-beta subunit consists of 85% of the protein, while the gamma-beta subunit accounts for the remaining 15%. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa and a calculated pI of 6.9.

GP2 is involved in various cellular processes that are critical for pancreatic function, including insulin secretion, cell signaling, and inflammation. It is a key regulator of pancreatic beta-cell function and has been implicated in the development and progression of pancreatic diseases.

In pancreatitis, GP2 has been shown to play a crucial role in the inflammatory response. Researchers have observed thatGP2 is overexpressed in pancreatic tissues, including the zymogen granule membrane, during the inflammatory response. This increase in GP2 expression has been shown to contribute to the development of pancreatic edema, inflammation, and tissue damage.

GP2 has also been shown to participate in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. Insulin is a crucial hormone that regulates various physiological processes in the body, including energy metabolism and glucose levels. GP2 has been shown to enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells, which is critical for maintaining normal blood glucose levels.

In addition to its role in insulin secretion, GP2 is also involved in cell signaling. It has been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell signaling pathways that are critical for pancreatic development and function. GP2 has been shown to interact with various signaling molecules, including TGF-beta, Wnt, and FGF.

GP2 is also involved in the regulation of inflammation. It has been shown to play a role in the regulation of cellular immune responses, which are critical for maintaining the immune tolerance of the pancreas. GP2 has been shown to interact with various immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, and has been shown to contribute to the regulation of immune-mediated tissue damage.

In conclusion, GP2 is a protein that is expressed in the zymogen granule membrane of pancreatic beta-cells and has been implicated in various aspects of pancreatic disease, including pancreatitis, insulin secretion, cell signaling, and inflammation. As a potential drug target and biomarker, GP2 is a promising target for the development of new treatments for pancreatic diseases.

Protein Name: Glycoprotein 2

Functions: Functions as an intestinal M-cell transcytotic receptor specific for type-I-piliated bacteria that participates in the mucosal immune response toward these bacteria. At the apical membrane of M-cells it binds fimH, a protein of the bacteria type I pilus tip. Internalizes bound bacteria, like E.coli and S.typhimurium, from the lumen of the intestine and delivers them, through M-cells, to the underlying organized lymphoid follicles where they are captured by antigen-presenting dendritic cells to elicit a mucosal immune response

The "GP2 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about GP2 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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